1. Go through my whole paper and revise it
2. Check for grammer
3. Come up with a better sentence structure through using the they say i say book
4. Highlight all of the paper for the main points
5. Make my citation page
Friday, November 30, 2007
Tuesday, November 27, 2007
What did i do today?!
So I was suppose to do this in class today but i was so caught up in my writing that i wanted to finish it. So I told myself to write three paragraphs and I did!!! and now I just completed the whole thing tonight after a 1 and a half hour writing session! so now my plan is to revise it tomarow and then bring it to class with me on Friday! whew....it feels good to be done!
Monday, November 26, 2007
What did i actually do...lol?!
So I acutally completed the two paragraphs which equated to almost one page of text! I plan on working tomarrow afternoon to try and complete more of it before i get to class on Wednesday.
My Plan For Today's Class
Today in class I plan to write at least two paragraphs on the effects of global warming.
Monday, November 19, 2007
*My NeW THeSiS**
Although it is often said that global warming is a serious issue that will result in catastrophic effects, research shows that although there are many changes possible in the future, the outcomes seem to be exaggerated and maybe not be as serious as they are commonly believed to be. In fact, in some instances research has actually come up with data that shows the air pollution is actually decreasing and improving.
*My OUTLINE*
Outline
I. Introduction
- Introduce the long debated issue of how severe global warming is.
- Touch on the main issues of the Arctic ice melting and discuss how this is my main focus on global warming since there is such a wide variety of topics to research in detail on global warming.
- Introduce who my audience is and what the causes and effects are of the Arctic ice melting.
- Discuss how maybe people are realizing (or myself through my research) that maybe the bigger issue isn’t whether global warming is serious or caused by humans, but more of what we can do to prepare for the effects, or if it’s even possible to reverse or stop the damage.
II. First Main Issue to discuss
A. Introduce the general ideas of the causes of Arctic ice melting.
o Rapidly increasing discharge of Greenland’s outlet glaciers are responsible for most of the ice sheet’s mass loss. (Rethinking ice time sheet scales)
o Raises the question whether the changes were caused by a warming ocean or by increased water runoff from the ice?
o It has been recently discovered that changes in ice sheets can occur more rapidly than previously believed (which allows question for the sheets stability). (Rethinking ice sheet time scales)
o Author’s research shows that greenhouse gas loading and ice-ocean heat exchanges have contributed to the warming climates. (Perspectives)
o The Arctic sea-ice extent has been decreasing since 1979. (Perspectives)
o Also the studies have been showing that increasing upper-ocean stability and suppressing deepwater formation, is causing the North Atlantic to freshen from water that the Arctic is exporting. (Perspectives)
o Air pollutants such as aerosols and ozone (are transported to the arctic primarily from Eurasia), as well as greenhouse gases, are all causing rapid temperature changes in the Arctic. (Human caused) Also, local ship emissions and forest fires may also be a large pollutions source. (Causes of Ice Melting)
o There is a haze that can be seen every winter and early spring and in 1970 was discovered to be air pollution. (Causes of Ice Melting)
o Almost all air pollution found in the Arctic is not from its own area, but instead it is from more southern areas and Eurasia. (Causes of Ice Melting)
o Discuss the grounding line and how a decrease in ice could cause it all to float of the sea floor, raising the sea level. (Ice Sheet Stability)
o one threat to ice sheet’s stability—sea level rise—may not be as serious as has been feared. (Ice Sheet Stability)
o instead focus should be put on ice streams which will cause the future instability in ice sheets (Ice Sheet Stability)
B. Discuss the outcomes and effects of the Arctic ice melting
o And how do the changes of runoff and warming ocean affect long-term behavior? (Rethinking ice sheet time scales)
o The climate change has already been seriously alternating the mixture or species in the Western Antarctic Peninsula. (Boom and Bust in a Polar Hot Zone)
o Both the air and ocean water temperatures have raised which cause less ice to form and more snow to fall. (Boom and Bust in a Polar Hot Zone)
o The researchers of this study says, “this ecosystem is on fire” (Boom and Bust)
o “The story for Adelies is absolutely dismal (70% decrease in population since 1970),” the change in temperatures took a large toll on the Adelie Penguins, because their habitat and main prey are disappearing. Also the increased amount of snow fall is affecting their nesting also. (Boom and Bust)
o While some things suffer, the marine birds and mammals are booming because the diminishing ice improves conditions for them. (Boom and Bust)
o Researches use this area as a model for the rest of the continent. (Boom and Bust)
o The peninsula water has risen 6 degrees Celsius over the last 57 years. (Boom and bust)
o Each winter the sea ice forms later and retreats soon each spring (85 days less of ice cover than 25 years ago) (Boom and Bust)
o Not all bad, because many species who flourish in open ocean are now thriving. (southern fur seals and southern elephant seals) (Boom and Bust)
o Main point was to say not that changes will be bad but they will be severe “If Antarctica is a model for how ecosystems might change in other parts of the world, the changes will be severe. (Boom and Bust)
o The decrease in the amount of ice is allowing more research and drilling to be done in the Arctic, previously inaccessible areas. These believe the ice-covered ocean is home to more life that known. (Race to Plumb the Frigid Depths)
o Biologists are predicting the climate changes could hurt the cold water ice algae and the organisms that feed off of them, to leave a wide open space for warm water species to thrive. (Race to Plumb)
o Tells that the environment may experience even more rapid changes once the ice is thinner because that makes it more vulnerable. (Perspectives)
o They expect the loss of ice to affect the Arctic’s freshwater system and will alter the patterns of atmospheric circulation and precipitation. (Perspectives)
o When there is less ice close to the shorelines, wind has longer area to fetch and cause more wave actions. This is effect is already resulting in erosion in Alaska and Siberia. (Perspectives)
o Hunting cultures around the area are also being tremendously affected by ice loss and there has been a decline in polar bears health and abundance. (Perspectives)
III. The Other Main Issue to Discuss- Is it really as bad as we believe? What should we do about it?
A. The Real State of the World-Things are Getting Better
o Raise up the question Do you believe that the air is becoming more polluted everyday and the world is starving more? And then show that these are the general public’s beliefs just like Bjorn Lomborg believed, but in his book he says that while researching he found that the air is more clean and less people are starving everyday (Preface XIX)
o Always depends on who you get the info from pessimistic or optimistic—we need to know the truth so we can determine how we can leave the world for our children. (3)
o He says “We are all familiar with the Litany: the environment is in poor shape here on earth” (4).
o Although this is reassured everyday in so many ways, it is not backed up by evidence available to us today. (4) Support with examples from this page
o Says that global evidence supports that global warming will not have a devastating effect and show examples of exaggerations (4)
o The exaggerations about the environment scare the population make us focus on spending money on the non-existing problem (while ignoring other real problems) (5). Don’t completely ignore the problem but focus on bigger issues.
o Need to look at realities not myths. The FUNDAMENTALS: discuss them
B. Lomborg’s View on the Real Global Warming
o Says that global warming has been the main issue in the news since 1990 (258)
o Media and politics say that we need to change our ways to stop warming
o People are terrified because of the media’s broadcast of the numerous catastrophic affects from climate change (259)
o The temperature of the late twentieth century is greater than previous centuries but we are also coming out of a little ice age (263)
IV. Conclusion
- Sum up the different views and how they can fit hand in hand together
I. Introduction
- Introduce the long debated issue of how severe global warming is.
- Touch on the main issues of the Arctic ice melting and discuss how this is my main focus on global warming since there is such a wide variety of topics to research in detail on global warming.
- Introduce who my audience is and what the causes and effects are of the Arctic ice melting.
- Discuss how maybe people are realizing (or myself through my research) that maybe the bigger issue isn’t whether global warming is serious or caused by humans, but more of what we can do to prepare for the effects, or if it’s even possible to reverse or stop the damage.
II. First Main Issue to discuss
A. Introduce the general ideas of the causes of Arctic ice melting.
o Rapidly increasing discharge of Greenland’s outlet glaciers are responsible for most of the ice sheet’s mass loss. (Rethinking ice time sheet scales)
o Raises the question whether the changes were caused by a warming ocean or by increased water runoff from the ice?
o It has been recently discovered that changes in ice sheets can occur more rapidly than previously believed (which allows question for the sheets stability). (Rethinking ice sheet time scales)
o Author’s research shows that greenhouse gas loading and ice-ocean heat exchanges have contributed to the warming climates. (Perspectives)
o The Arctic sea-ice extent has been decreasing since 1979. (Perspectives)
o Also the studies have been showing that increasing upper-ocean stability and suppressing deepwater formation, is causing the North Atlantic to freshen from water that the Arctic is exporting. (Perspectives)
o Air pollutants such as aerosols and ozone (are transported to the arctic primarily from Eurasia), as well as greenhouse gases, are all causing rapid temperature changes in the Arctic. (Human caused) Also, local ship emissions and forest fires may also be a large pollutions source. (Causes of Ice Melting)
o There is a haze that can be seen every winter and early spring and in 1970 was discovered to be air pollution. (Causes of Ice Melting)
o Almost all air pollution found in the Arctic is not from its own area, but instead it is from more southern areas and Eurasia. (Causes of Ice Melting)
o Discuss the grounding line and how a decrease in ice could cause it all to float of the sea floor, raising the sea level. (Ice Sheet Stability)
o one threat to ice sheet’s stability—sea level rise—may not be as serious as has been feared. (Ice Sheet Stability)
o instead focus should be put on ice streams which will cause the future instability in ice sheets (Ice Sheet Stability)
B. Discuss the outcomes and effects of the Arctic ice melting
o And how do the changes of runoff and warming ocean affect long-term behavior? (Rethinking ice sheet time scales)
o The climate change has already been seriously alternating the mixture or species in the Western Antarctic Peninsula. (Boom and Bust in a Polar Hot Zone)
o Both the air and ocean water temperatures have raised which cause less ice to form and more snow to fall. (Boom and Bust in a Polar Hot Zone)
o The researchers of this study says, “this ecosystem is on fire” (Boom and Bust)
o “The story for Adelies is absolutely dismal (70% decrease in population since 1970),” the change in temperatures took a large toll on the Adelie Penguins, because their habitat and main prey are disappearing. Also the increased amount of snow fall is affecting their nesting also. (Boom and Bust)
o While some things suffer, the marine birds and mammals are booming because the diminishing ice improves conditions for them. (Boom and Bust)
o Researches use this area as a model for the rest of the continent. (Boom and Bust)
o The peninsula water has risen 6 degrees Celsius over the last 57 years. (Boom and bust)
o Each winter the sea ice forms later and retreats soon each spring (85 days less of ice cover than 25 years ago) (Boom and Bust)
o Not all bad, because many species who flourish in open ocean are now thriving. (southern fur seals and southern elephant seals) (Boom and Bust)
o Main point was to say not that changes will be bad but they will be severe “If Antarctica is a model for how ecosystems might change in other parts of the world, the changes will be severe. (Boom and Bust)
o The decrease in the amount of ice is allowing more research and drilling to be done in the Arctic, previously inaccessible areas. These believe the ice-covered ocean is home to more life that known. (Race to Plumb the Frigid Depths)
o Biologists are predicting the climate changes could hurt the cold water ice algae and the organisms that feed off of them, to leave a wide open space for warm water species to thrive. (Race to Plumb)
o Tells that the environment may experience even more rapid changes once the ice is thinner because that makes it more vulnerable. (Perspectives)
o They expect the loss of ice to affect the Arctic’s freshwater system and will alter the patterns of atmospheric circulation and precipitation. (Perspectives)
o When there is less ice close to the shorelines, wind has longer area to fetch and cause more wave actions. This is effect is already resulting in erosion in Alaska and Siberia. (Perspectives)
o Hunting cultures around the area are also being tremendously affected by ice loss and there has been a decline in polar bears health and abundance. (Perspectives)
III. The Other Main Issue to Discuss- Is it really as bad as we believe? What should we do about it?
A. The Real State of the World-Things are Getting Better
o Raise up the question Do you believe that the air is becoming more polluted everyday and the world is starving more? And then show that these are the general public’s beliefs just like Bjorn Lomborg believed, but in his book he says that while researching he found that the air is more clean and less people are starving everyday (Preface XIX)
o Always depends on who you get the info from pessimistic or optimistic—we need to know the truth so we can determine how we can leave the world for our children. (3)
o He says “We are all familiar with the Litany: the environment is in poor shape here on earth” (4).
o Although this is reassured everyday in so many ways, it is not backed up by evidence available to us today. (4) Support with examples from this page
o Says that global evidence supports that global warming will not have a devastating effect and show examples of exaggerations (4)
o The exaggerations about the environment scare the population make us focus on spending money on the non-existing problem (while ignoring other real problems) (5). Don’t completely ignore the problem but focus on bigger issues.
o Need to look at realities not myths. The FUNDAMENTALS: discuss them
B. Lomborg’s View on the Real Global Warming
o Says that global warming has been the main issue in the news since 1990 (258)
o Media and politics say that we need to change our ways to stop warming
o People are terrified because of the media’s broadcast of the numerous catastrophic affects from climate change (259)
o The temperature of the late twentieth century is greater than previous centuries but we are also coming out of a little ice age (263)
IV. Conclusion
- Sum up the different views and how they can fit hand in hand together
Back to the Templates Once again...:)
Our new developing and economic planet seems so unproblematic that we fail to recognize that global warming is creating catastrophic effects on the Arctic and the world.
Debates over the causes and effects of global warming dominate discussions of science magazines and many research studies. What such debates obscure, however, is the more important issue of what immediate changes need to be made to stop the increasing rate of Arctic ice melting and temperatures increasing.
Debates over the causes and effects of global warming dominate discussions of science magazines and many research studies. What such debates obscure, however, is the more important issue of what immediate changes need to be made to stop the increasing rate of Arctic ice melting and temperatures increasing.
Wednesday, November 14, 2007
My comments on feedback from classmates!!!
I think that my fellow classmates comments gave me a lot of confindence because I wasn't sure if I was doing the annotating part correctly. Also they gave me a lot of good tips to help me improve my annotated bibliography. The following things are my list for my plan of revision:
1) Reread over the assignment and make sure it is all grammatically correct
2) Try to make my writing more sophisticated now that I have the basis done
3) Maybe not include the naysayer in my introduction becaue I don't address it in my annotation even though it will be included in the paper
4) Continue reading my sources because I have a few book sources yet to read and research its contents
5) Make sure that all of my sources are cited correctly
1) Reread over the assignment and make sure it is all grammatically correct
2) Try to make my writing more sophisticated now that I have the basis done
3) Maybe not include the naysayer in my introduction becaue I don't address it in my annotation even though it will be included in the paper
4) Continue reading my sources because I have a few book sources yet to read and research its contents
5) Make sure that all of my sources are cited correctly
Monday, November 5, 2007
Start of my third annotation...almost half way there!
Stokstad, Erik. "Boom and Bust in a Polar Hot Zone." Science 16 March 2007: 1522-1523.
Stokstad studied species of penguins and other mammals in Antarctica and found that the ice decrease in Antarctica is severely affecting the ecosystem and turning it into a more sub-Antarctic climate. Adelie penguins are suffering because their main sources of foods thrived in the ice covered environment, while seals and other species that favor warmer climates and less ice are booming in population. This study is prevalent to my research the Polar Oceans Research Group's studies found that if Antarctica is a model for how ecosystems might change in other parts of the world, the changes will be severe.
Stokstad studied species of penguins and other mammals in Antarctica and found that the ice decrease in Antarctica is severely affecting the ecosystem and turning it into a more sub-Antarctic climate. Adelie penguins are suffering because their main sources of foods thrived in the ice covered environment, while seals and other species that favor warmer climates and less ice are booming in population. This study is prevalent to my research the Polar Oceans Research Group's studies found that if Antarctica is a model for how ecosystems might change in other parts of the world, the changes will be severe.
My Second Annotation for my bibliography...yay!!!
Law, Kathy and Stohl, Andreas. "Arctic Air Pollution: Origins and Impacts." Science 16 March 2007: 1537-1540.
Law and Stohl discuss the causes for warming trends in the Arctic in their article, to be caused by more than the long-lived emission of greenhouse gases. Through their study they found that air pollutants such as aerosols ad ozone are also huge factors in causing the rapid temperature changes in the Arctic that are causing the ice to melt at a dramatically high rate. This study is important to the general study of global warming to prove that there are many human caused actions that are having huge affects on the worldwide temperature changes. This study is valuable for my research because it allows me to have insight into what human activity is directly melting the ice in the Arctic. Therefore, when I propose how to stop the Arctic haze that is melting the ice, I have background information on what needs to change.
Law and Stohl discuss the causes for warming trends in the Arctic in their article, to be caused by more than the long-lived emission of greenhouse gases. Through their study they found that air pollutants such as aerosols ad ozone are also huge factors in causing the rapid temperature changes in the Arctic that are causing the ice to melt at a dramatically high rate. This study is important to the general study of global warming to prove that there are many human caused actions that are having huge affects on the worldwide temperature changes. This study is valuable for my research because it allows me to have insight into what human activity is directly melting the ice in the Arctic. Therefore, when I propose how to stop the Arctic haze that is melting the ice, I have background information on what needs to change.
First Annotated Bibliography
Serreze, Mark C., Holland, Marika M., and Stoeve, Julienne. "Perspectives on the Arctic's Shrinking Sea-Ice Cover." Science 16 March 2007: 1533-1536.
This article explores the evidence that the arctic sea-ice is rapidly reducing in thickness over the period from 1979 to 2006. The authors show that may factors have contributed to arctic warming over the past few decades such as greenhouse gas loading and ice-ocean heat exchange changes. By discussing the rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases and increasing ice loss, the authors show that the transition of the Arctic's environment may be even more rapid once the ice thins to a more vulnerable state. This is a significant to my study involving rising sea levels because this article shows the causes and effects of rising sea levels in the Arctic.
This article explores the evidence that the arctic sea-ice is rapidly reducing in thickness over the period from 1979 to 2006. The authors show that may factors have contributed to arctic warming over the past few decades such as greenhouse gas loading and ice-ocean heat exchange changes. By discussing the rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases and increasing ice loss, the authors show that the transition of the Arctic's environment may be even more rapid once the ice thins to a more vulnerable state. This is a significant to my study involving rising sea levels because this article shows the causes and effects of rising sea levels in the Arctic.
Friday, November 2, 2007
More sources...!
1. This one is a Journal that I have ordered and should be here soon:
http://proxy.elmhurst.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=ture&db=a9h&AN=255440188&site=ehost-live
2. http://www.nytimes.com - http://www.lexisnexis.com/us/lnacademic/frma.do?tokenKey=rsh-20.843905.70269109
Arctic Sea Ice Melting faster, A Study Finds By: Andrew Revkin
3. Environmental Responses Edited By: Andrew Blowers and Steve Hinchliffe
4. The Environmental Crisis Opposing Viewpoints Edited By: Neal Bernards
5. Global Environmental Issues By: David Kemp
http://proxy.elmhurst.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=ture&db=a9h&AN=255440188&site=ehost-live
2. http://www.nytimes.com - http://www.lexisnexis.com/us/lnacademic/frma.do?tokenKey=rsh-20.843905.70269109
Arctic Sea Ice Melting faster, A Study Finds By: Andrew Revkin
3. Environmental Responses Edited By: Andrew Blowers and Steve Hinchliffe
4. The Environmental Crisis Opposing Viewpoints Edited By: Neal Bernards
5. Global Environmental Issues By: David Kemp
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